Tuesday 23 September 2014

O, pengebom! OBAMA Bom 7 NEGARA dalam 6 TAHUN

U.S. President Barack Obama (Reuters/Adrees Latif)

Alifhafizin - Jet Amerika memukul sasaran di Syria pada hari Selasa dalam usaha diketuai Amerika terhadap negara Islam. Walaupun Amerika Syarikat telah tidak meng-isytiharkan perang sejak 1942, ini adalah negara yang ke-7 bahawa Barack Obama, pemegang Nobel Peace Prize, banyak yang telah dibom pada tahun-tahun.

Syria telah menjadi negara terbaru telah secara terbuka disasarkan oleh Amerika Syarikat, dengan Washington diramal tidak ingin mendapatkan kelulusan Presiden Syria Bashar Assad.

Amerika Syarikat dan NATO memulakan kempen pengeboman di utara negara ini pada Selasa terhadap militan Negara Islam, yang telah mengambil lebih daripada bahagian-bahagian utara dan timur negara itu.

Angka kematian daripada kempen semalam telah diletakkan pada 70, walaupun angka ini boleh meningkat, menurut Balai Cerap Syria bagi Hak Asasi Manusia, yang juga berkata bahawa lapan orang awam yg tlh kehilangan nyawa mereka.

O, bomber! Obama bombs 7th country in 6 years

American jets hit targets in Syria on Tuesday in the US-led fight against Islamic State. Although the US has not declared war since 1942, this is the seventh country that Barack Obama, the holder of the Nobel Peace Prize, has bombed in as many years.

Syria has become the latest country to have been openly targeted by the US, with Washington predictably not seeking the approval of Syrian President Bashar Assad.

The US and NATO started a bombing campaign in the north of the country on Tuesday against Islamic State militants, who have taken over parts of the north and east of the country. The death toll from Tuesday’s campaign was put at 70, though this figure could rise, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, who also said that eight civilians had lost their lives.

Gambar menunjukkan Isil Perintah dan Pusat di Syria sebelum (dariKiri) dan selepas itu terpegun dengan bom jatuh sebanyak AS F-22 jet pejuang dilihat dalam pemberian yang dikeluarkan oleh Jabatan Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat (DOD) September 23, 2014 (Pictures showing an ISIL Command and Control Center in Syria before (L) and after it was struck by bombs dropped by a U.S. F-22 fighter jet are seen in handouts released by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) September 23, 2014 (Reuters/US Department of Defense/Handout)

Apabila Pentagon mengatakan bahawa konflik di Syria mungkin mengambil masa bertahun-tahun untuk menyelesaikan, tidak jenaka - hanya mengambil lihat pada bilangan "penglibatan tentera" Washington semasa pentadbiran Obama.

Afghanistan (hari 2001-kini)

Ia hanya menunggu masa berikut 11 September 2001, serangan pengganas ke atas tanah Amerika Syarikat yang akan Afghanistan menjadi negara pertama Amerika akan mengebom pada abad ke-21, selepas Taliban enggan menyerahkan pemimpin al-Qaeda Osama bin Laden.

Bermula dengan bandar-bandar yang terbesar di negara ini - Kabul, Kandahar dan Jalalabad, Amerika Syarikat dan sekutu-sekutunya telah terlibat dalam konflik yang berlarutan, yang menyaksikan puluhan ribu mangsa yang disengajakan.

Walaupun terdapat pengunduran tentera berskala besar, yang bermula pada Jun 2011 dan akan menamatkan pada akhir tahun 2014, seperti Amerika Syarikat kelihatan untuk lulus baton daripada kepolisan dan menyediakan keselamatan di Afghanistan kepada pasukan tempatan. Namun serangan udara masih berlaku.

Amerika Syarikat telah membelanjakan lebih daripada $ 100 bilion pada bantuan di Afghanistan sejak 2001 untuk melatih dan melengkapkan pasukan keselamatan negara dan menaik taraf infrastruktur, manakala 2,200 tentera Amerika terbunuh di Afghanistan sejak 2001, manakala kira-kira 20,000 lagi cedera, menurut AP.

When the Pentagon says that the conflict in Syria may take years to resolve, it is no joke – just take a look at the number of Washington’s “military engagements” during Obama’s administration.

Afghanistan (2001-present day)

It was only a matter of time following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on US soil that Afghanistan would become the first country America would bomb in the 21st century, after the Taliban refused to hand over Al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden.

Starting with the country’s largest cities – Kabul, Kandahar and Jalalabad, the US and its allies have become involved in a protracted conflict, which has seen tens of thousands of casualties inflicted. Although there has been a large-scale troop withdrawal, which started in June 2011 and will finish by the end of 2014, as the US looks to pass the baton of policing and providing security in Afghanistan to local forces. Yet airstrikes are still taking place.

The US has spent more than $100 billion on aid in Afghanistan since 2001 to train and equip the country's security forces and upgrade its infrastructure, while 2,200 American troops have been killed in Afghanistan since 2001, while around 20,000 have been wounded, according to AP.

Tentera Amerika Syarikat dari Batallion Pertama, infantri Rejimen ke-32 ke-3 Briged, 10 Gunung bahagian rondaan di Kunar pada 12 Dis 2009 (US soldiers from First Batallion, 32nd infantry Regiment 3rd Brigade, 10th Mountain division patrol in Kunar on December 12, 2009 (AFP Photo/Tauseef Mustafa)

Kempen pengeboman Amerika Syarikat telah menjadi isu perbalahan dengan kepimpinan Afghanistan, yang telah berkata bahawa terlalu ramai orang awam terbunuh akibat misi pengeboman Amerika. Hanya minggu lepas, peluru berpandu Amerika membunuh 11 orang awam di timur negara ini.

"Jika Amerika & Pakistan benar2 mahu, keamanan akan datang ke Afghanistan," presiden keluar negara, Hamid Karzai, berkata pada 23 September kerana beliau melangkah ke bawah.

"Perang di Afghanistan adalah berdasarkan kepada matlamat orang asing. Peperangan di Afghanistan adalah untuk manfaat orang asing. Tetapi Afghanistan pada kedua-dua pihak adalah anak-anak domba korban dan mangsa peperangan ini."

Yemen (hari 2002-kini)

Kematian 17 anggota tentera laut Amerika Syarikat pada bulan Oktober 2000, yang terbunuh apabila USS Cole telah diserang di pelabuhan Aden, Yaman, Al-Qaeda, telah meletakkan negara dengan kukuh pada radar Washington. Pada bulan November 2002, Amerika tidak memerlukan insentif tambahan untuk men-jalankan pengeboman serbuan pertama di tanah Yaman, dengan kerajaan negara itu memberikan Amerika Syarikat lampu hijau.

Sasaran itu Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi, yang Washington dipercayai adalah ketua operatif al-Qaeda di Yaman dan juga suspek dalam pengeboman USS Cole. Beliau telah terbunuh apabila peluru berpandu neraka, petunjuk dari sebuah pesawat tanpa pemandu memukul kereta beliau dalam perjalanan.

Amerika Syarikat Timbalan Setiausaha Pertahanan pada masa itu, Paul Wolfowitz, menyatakan bahawa ia telah "operasi taktikal yang sangat berjaya" dan serangan seperti itu berguna bukan sahaja dalam membunuh pengganas, tetapi dalam memaksa Al-Qaeda untuk menukar taktik.

US bombing campaigns have been a contentious issue with Afghanistan’s leadership, which has said that too many civilians have died as a result of American bombing missions. Just last week, American missiles killed 11 civilians in the east of the country.

"If America and Pakistan really want it, peace will come to Afghanistan," the country’s outgoing president, Hamid Karzai, said on September 23 as he was stepping down.

"War in Afghanistan is based on the aims of foreigners. The war in Afghanistan is to the benefit of foreigners. But Afghans on both sides are the sacrificial lambs and victims of this war."

Yemen (2002-present day)

The death of 17 US navy personnel in October 2000, who were killed when the USS Cole was attacked in the port of Aden, Yemen, by Al-Qaeda, already put the country firmly on Washington’s radar. In November 2002, America needed no extra incentive to carry out its first bombing raid on Yemeni soil, with the country’s government giving the US the green light.

The target was Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi, who Washington believed was al-Qaeda’s chief operative in Yemen and was also a suspect in the bombing of the USS Cole. He was killed when a hellfire missile, guided from a pilotless aircraft hit the car he was traveling in.

The US Deputy Defense Secretary at the time, Paul Wolfowitz, stated that it had been “a very successful tactical operation” and that such strikes were useful not only in killing terrorists, but in forcing Al-Qaeda to change its tactics.

Penunjuk perasaan setia kepada kumpulan pemberontak Syiah al-Houthi membakar patung pesawat Amerika Syarikat semasa demonstrasi untuk memprotes apa yang mereka katakan adalah Amerika Syarikat campur tangan di Yaman, termasuk serangan berdengung di bandar Old Sanaa (Protesters loyal to the Shi'ite al-Houthi rebel group burn an effigy of a U.S. aircraft during a demonstration to protest against what they say is U.S. interference in Yemen, including drone strikes in the Old Sanaa city (Reuters/Khaled Abdullah)

Walaupun terdapat kempen pengeboman sporadis yang dijalankan oleh Amerika Syarikat, di bawah pentadbiran Presiden George W. Bush, terdapat peningkatan yang ketara sejak Barack Obama mula berkuasa.

Kabel Amerika Syarikat yang diterbitkan oleh Wikileaks menunjukkan bahawa kerajaan Yaman tlh membenarkan Amerika Syarikat utk meneruskan serangan udara terhadap disyaki militan Al-Qaeda di negara ini.

Serangan bom Amerika Syarikat di Yaman hampir semata-mata dijalankan oleh pesawat dan mereka telah meningkat dalam intensiti pd tahun2 kebelakangan ini.

Bagaimanapun kumpulan hak asasi yang semakin bimbang bahawa terlalu banyak korban awam yang berlaku akibat daripada apa yang dikenali sebagai Amerika "Perang ke atas Keganasan."

Satu laporan oleh Human Rights Watch pada tahun 2013 dianalisis enam serangan udara di Yaman yang dijalankan sejak 2009 organisasi mendapati bahawa daripada 82 orang yang meninggal dunia dalam serangan udara, 57 adalah orang awam.

IRAQ (2003-2011)

Tarikh adalah 5 FEBRUARI 2003 lokasi, Pertubuhan Bangsa2 Bersatu di New York. Setiausaha Negara Amerika Syarikat, Colin Powell, baru sahaja menyampaikan ucapan kepada PBB, mengatakan bahawa Iraq mempunyai senjata pemusnah besar-besaran - alasan untuk Washington untuk terlibat dalam satu lagi konflik ketenteraan, seolah-olah telah beribu-ribu tentera terikat di Afghanistan tidak mencukupi.

Yang pertama serangan udara ke atas Iraq akan berlaku pada 20 Mac, 2003, dan dalam tempoh 3 minggu kerajaan Iraq telah digulingkan. Walau bagaimanapun, seperti di Afghanistan, mendapat kawalan keseluruhan di negara itu tidak akan terbukti menjadi semudah, seperti Amerika Syarikat dan sekutu-sekutunya datang melawan tentangan hebat - pada pertama dari penyokong Presiden Saddam Hussein yang digulingkan, kemudian dari pelbagai rintangan kumpulan Sunni dan Syiah, dan masih kemudian Al-Qaeda dan penyokong-penyokongnya.

While there were sporadic bombing campaigns carried out by the US, under President George W. Bush’s administration, there has been a significant escalation since Barack Obama came to power.

US cables published by WikiLeaks showed that the Yemeni government has allowed US airstrikes to continue against suspected Al-Qaeda militants in the country.

US bombing raids in Yemen are almost solely carried out by drones and they have been increasing in intensity in recent years. However rights groups are becoming concerned that far too many civilian casualties are occurring as a result of America’s so-called “War on Terror.”

A report by Human Rights Watch in 2013 analyzed six airstrikes in Yemen carried out since 2009. The organization found that out of the 82 people who died in the airstrikes, 57 were civilians.

IRAQ (2003-2011)

The date is February 5, 2003 – the location, the United Nations in New York. The US Secretary of State, Colin Powell, has just delivered a speech to the UN, saying that Iraq has weapons of mass destruction – a pretext for Washington to get involved in yet another military conflict, as if having thousands of troops tied down in Afghanistan was not enough.

The first airstrikes on Iraq would take place on March 20, 2003, and within three weeks the Iraqi government had been toppled. However, just as in Afghanistan, gaining overall control of the country would not prove to be as easy, as the US and its allies came up against fierce resistance – at first from supporters of ousted President Saddam Hussein, later from various Sunni and Shiite resistance groups, and still later Al-Qaeda and its supporters.



Konflik dan kempen pengeboman Amerika Syarikat terbukti menjadi bencana bagi penduduk awam Iraq. Artikel yang disiarkan oleh AFP pada bulan Oktober 2013, memetik satu kajian di Amerika Syarikat, meletakkan angka kematian pada kira-kira setengah juta.

Para penyelidik menyatakan bahawa kira-kira 70 % peratus kematian Iraq 11 - 2003 adalah ganas dalam alam semula jadi, dengan sebahagian besar disebabkan oleh tembakan, dengan punca yang paling biasa seterusnya bom kereta kematian dan letupan2 lain.

Ia juga menambah bahawa tentera bersekutu bertanggungjawab bagi 35 % peratus daripada kematian ganas ini, atau kira-kira 125,000 kematian.

Pakistan (hari 2004-kini)

Walaupun serangan drone di Pakistan mungkin telah bermula di bawah George W. Bush, pentadbiran Obama telah meningkatkan kekerapan mereka ke tahap yang tidak pernah berlaku sebelum ini.

Menurut laman web, Biro Siasatan Kewartawanan, ada 390 serangan drone di Pakistan sejak 2004, di mana yang mengejutkan 339 telah dijalankan sejak Obama berkuasa. Ini telah membawa kepada hampir 4,000 kematian, di mana kira-kira 1/4 orang awam.

Tidak menghairankan, serangan drone Amerika Syarikat yang diterajui telah mem-bawa kepada banyak geseran dengan kerajaan Pakistan.

"Penggunaan pesawat bukan sahaja melanggar integriti wilayah kita, tetapi mereka juga menjejaskan usaha kita untuk menghapuskan keganasan dari negara kami," kata Perdana Menteri Pakistan Nawaz Sharif dalam pertemuan dengan Obama pada bulan Oktober 2013, sambil menambah bahawa isu yang mempunyai menjadi "kerengsaan utama" dalam hubungan Pakistan- Amerika Syarikat.

The conflict and the US bombing campaigns proved to be disastrous for the Iraqi civilian population. An article published by AFP in October 2013, citing a study in the US, put the death toll at around half a million. Researchers stated that around 70 percent of Iraq deaths from 2003-11 were violent in nature, with most caused by gunshots, with the next most common cause of death car bombs and other explosions.

It also added that coalition forces were responsible for 35 percent of these violent deaths, or approximately 125,000 deaths.

Pakistan (2004-present day)

While drone attacks in Pakistan may have started under George W. Bush, the Obama administration has increased their frequency to unprecedented levels. According to The Bureau of Investigative Journalism, a website, there have been 390 drone strikes in Pakistan since 2004, of which a staggering 339 have been conducted since Obama came to power. This has led to almost 4,000 deaths, of which around one-quarter have been civilians.

Not surprisingly, the US-led drone strikes have led to plenty of friction with the Pakistani government.

“The use of drones is not only a violation of our territorial integrity but they are also detrimental to our efforts to eliminate terrorism from our country,” Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif said in a meeting with Obama in October 2013, adding that the issue has become a “major irritant” in Pakistani-US relations.

Penyokong Pakistan ini Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI) slogan parti politik menjerit semasa bantahan terhadap AS mogok berdengung di Karachi pada 17 Disember 2013 (Supporters of Pakistan's Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI) political party shout slogans during a protest against US drone strikes in Karachi on December 17, 2013 (AFP Photo/Rizwan Tabassum)

Demonstrasi terhadap penggunaan drone oleh Amerika Syarikat yang lazim berlaku di Pakistan. Pada Disember 2013, kira-kira 5,000 penunjuk perasaan menyeru Amerika Syarikat untuk segera menghentikan serangan drone di negara itu, yang dianjurkan oleh Majlis Pertahanan Pakistan, yang terdiri daripada 40 kumpulan agama dan politik, AFP melaporkan. Penunjuk perasaan melaungkan slogan dan cuba untuk menyekat bekalan NATO diangkut ke Afghanistan melalui Pakistan.

Sementara itu, sebulan lebih awal, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI) yang diketuai oleh Imran Khan bintang negara kriket, menjatuhkan nama Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) pembedahan kepada pihak polis dalam surat di mana pihak yang menuntut bahawa ejen berdepan dengan "kesalahan kasar" serangan drone itu.

Surat itu telah dikeluarkan kepada media. Walau bagaimanapun, nama yang tidak dapat disahkan secara bebas.

"Saya ingin menamakan agensi sulit CIA Amerika Syarikat (Agensi Perisikan Pusat) Ketua Stesen di Islamabad . . . dan Pengarah CIA John O.Brennan kerana melakukan kesalahan kasar melakukan pembunuhan dan melancarkan perang terhadap Pakistan, "PTI maklumat setiausaha Shireen Mazarisaid menulis dalam surat itu.

"Ketua stesen CIA bukanlah satu jawatan diplomatik, oleh itu dia tidak menikmati apa-apa kekebalan diplomatik dan berada dalam batas-batas undang-undang domestik di Pakistan," kata surat itu. Aduan itu dikemukakan balai polis Tal di daerah Hangu, barat laut Pakistan.

Somalia (hari 2007-kini)

Pada bulan Januari 2007, telah serangan udara Amerika Syarikat terhadap disyaki pemimpin Al-Qaeda di Somalia, yang Washington percaya ada melakukan serangan ke atas Kedutaan Amerika Syarikat di Kenya dan Tanzania yang mengorbankan lebih daripada 200 orang pengeboman. Serangan udara Amerika Syarikat ini mendapat sokongan penuh daripada Somalia Presiden Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed.

Penglibatan Amerika Syarikat di Somalia sebahagian besarnya jatuh di bawah radar, dengan perhatian yang kurang antarabangsa diberikan kepada Washington "Perang ke atas Keganasan" di tanduk Afrika.

Walau bagaimanapun, pada awal bulan September, jihad Somalia dalam kumpulan Al-Shabaab, yang mempunyai kaitan dengan al-Qaeda, mengesahkan bahawa pemimpin mereka Ahmed Godane telah dibunuh oleh serangan udara Amerika Syarikat, sebelum amaran serangan membalas dendam.

Tentera Amerika Syarikat melanda perkhemahan Godane di Somalia selatan-tengah dengan peluru berpandu Hellfire dan peluru berpandu laser, Reuters me-laporkan. Serangan berdengung adalah yang pertama di Somalia selama 7 bulan.

Apa pada Libya?

Libya mungkin pengecualian kepada peraturan di mana Eropah dan NATO tentera dijalankan kebanyakan kempen pengeboman. Walau bagaimanapun, ia adalah Amerika Syarikat yg memainkan peranan penting dlm meningkatkan sokongan untuk cuba menjatuhkan bekas pemimpin Libya Muammar Gaddafi pada Mac 2011.

Barack Obama telah memberi kata 2 Gaddafi yang dirujuk kepada: Turun ke bawah, atau kami akan mengebom anda 'Apabila dia enggan untuk mendengar permintaan Washington, tindakan ketenteraan adalah tidak lama lagi yang akan datang.

Demonstrations against the use of drones by the US have been common in Pakistan. In December 2013, around 5,000 demonstrators called on the US to immediately stop the drone assaults on the country, which was organized by the Defense of Pakistan Council, which is comprised of 40 religious and political groups, AFP reported. Protesters chanted slogans and tried to block NATO supplies being transported to Afghanistan through Pakistan.

Meanwhile, a month earlier, the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI), led by the country’s cricket star Imran Khan, dropped the name of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operative to police in a letter in which the party demanded that the agent face up to the “gross offence” of the drone strike.

The letter was released to the media. However, the name could not be independently verified.

“I would like to nominate the US clandestine agency CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) Station Chief in Islamabad . . . and CIA Director John O. Brennan for committing the gross offences of committing murder and waging war against Pakistan,” PTI information secretary Shireen Mazarisaid wrote in the letter.

“CIA station chief is not a diplomatic post, therefore he does not enjoy any diplomatic immunity and is within the bounds of domestic laws of Pakistan,” the letter added. The complaint was lodged with Tal police station in Hangu district, northwestern Pakistan.

Somalia (2007-present day)

In January 2007, the US launched airstrikes against suspected Al-Qaeda leaders in Somalia, who Washington believed were guilty of bombing attacks on US Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania that killed more than 200 people. The US airstrikes had the full backing of the Somali President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed.

US involvement in Somalia has largely slipped under the radar, with significantly less international attention given to Washington’s “War on Terror” in the horn of Africa.

However, in early September, Somali jihadists in the group Al-Shabaab, which has links to Al-Qaeda, confirmed that their leader Ahmed Godane had been killed by US airstrikes, before warning of revenge attacks. US forces struck Godane's encampment in south-central Somalia with Hellfire missiles and laser-guided munitions, Reuters reported. This drone attack was the first in Somalia for seven months.

What of Libya?

Libya is perhaps the exception to the rule where European and NATO forces carried out most of the bombing campaigns. However, it was the US who was instrumental in drumming up support to try and topple former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi in March 2011.

Barack Obama had given Gaddafi an ultimatum which alluded to: ‘Step down, or we will bomb you.’ When he refused to listen to Washington’s demands, military action was soon forthcoming.

Pemusnah peluru berpandu USS Barry melancarkan peluru berpandu Tomahawk dari busur kapal di Laut Mediterranean dalam ini nota foto Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat bertarikh 29 Mac 2011 (The guided-missile destroyer USS Barry launches a Tomahawk cruise missile from the ship's bow in the Mediterranean Sea in this U.S. Navy handout photo dated March 29, 2011 (Reuters/Jonathan Sunderman/U.S. Navy//Handout)

Perang saudara berakhir dlm masa 8 bln, walaupun kekacauan & pertempuran antara puak2 saingan di negara ini masih terus ketika beribu-ribu rakyat Libya mati di kedua-dua belah pihak dlm konflik asal, kebanyakannya orang awam.

The civil war was over within eight months, though chaos and fighting between rival factions in the country still continues while thousands of Libyans died on both sides during the original conflict, many of them civilians.


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