O, pengebom! OBAMA Bom 7 NEGARA dalam 6 TAHUN

U.S. President Barack Obama (Reuters/Adrees Latif)

Alifhafizin - Jet Amerika memukul sasaran di Syria pada hari Selasa dalam usaha diketuai Amerika terhadap negara Islam. Walaupun Amerika Syarikat telah tidak meng-isytiharkan perang sejak 1942, ini adalah negara yang ke-7 bahawa Barack Obama, pemegang Nobel Peace Prize, banyak yang telah dibom pada tahun-tahun.

Syria telah menjadi negara terbaru telah secara terbuka disasarkan oleh Amerika Syarikat, dengan Washington diramal tidak ingin mendapatkan kelulusan Presiden Syria Bashar Assad.

Amerika Syarikat dan NATO memulakan kempen pengeboman di utara negara ini pada Selasa terhadap militan Negara Islam, yang telah mengambil lebih daripada bahagian-bahagian utara dan timur negara itu.

Angka kematian daripada kempen semalam telah diletakkan pada 70, walaupun angka ini boleh meningkat, menurut Balai Cerap Syria bagi Hak Asasi Manusia, yang juga berkata bahawa lapan orang awam yg tlh kehilangan nyawa mereka.

O, bomber! Obama bombs 7th country in 6 years

American jets hit targets in Syria on Tuesday in the US-led fight against Islamic State. Although the US has not declared war since 1942, this is the seventh country that Barack Obama, the holder of the Nobel Peace Prize, has bombed in as many years.

Syria has become the latest country to have been openly targeted by the US, with Washington predictably not seeking the approval of Syrian President Bashar Assad.

The US and NATO started a bombing campaign in the north of the country on Tuesday against Islamic State militants, who have taken over parts of the north and east of the country. The death toll from Tuesday’s campaign was put at 70, though this figure could rise, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, who also said that eight civilians had lost their lives.

Gambar menunjukkan Isil Perintah dan Pusat di Syria sebelum (dariKiri) dan selepas itu terpegun dengan bom jatuh sebanyak AS F-22 jet pejuang dilihat dalam pemberian yang dikeluarkan oleh Jabatan Pertahanan Amerika Syarikat (DOD) September 23, 2014 (Pictures showing an ISIL Command and Control Center in Syria before (L) and after it was struck by bombs dropped by a U.S. F-22 fighter jet are seen in handouts released by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) September 23, 2014 (Reuters/US Department of Defense/Handout)

Apabila Pentagon mengatakan bahawa konflik di Syria mungkin mengambil masa bertahun-tahun untuk menyelesaikan, tidak jenaka - hanya mengambil lihat pada bilangan "penglibatan tentera" Washington semasa pentadbiran Obama.

Afghanistan (hari 2001-kini)

Ia hanya menunggu masa berikut 11 September 2001, serangan pengganas ke atas tanah Amerika Syarikat yang akan Afghanistan menjadi negara pertama Amerika akan mengebom pada abad ke-21, selepas Taliban enggan menyerahkan pemimpin al-Qaeda Osama bin Laden.

Bermula dengan bandar-bandar yang terbesar di negara ini - Kabul, Kandahar dan Jalalabad, Amerika Syarikat dan sekutu-sekutunya telah terlibat dalam konflik yang berlarutan, yang menyaksikan puluhan ribu mangsa yang disengajakan.

Walaupun terdapat pengunduran tentera berskala besar, yang bermula pada Jun 2011 dan akan menamatkan pada akhir tahun 2014, seperti Amerika Syarikat kelihatan untuk lulus baton daripada kepolisan dan menyediakan keselamatan di Afghanistan kepada pasukan tempatan. Namun serangan udara masih berlaku.

Amerika Syarikat telah membelanjakan lebih daripada $ 100 bilion pada bantuan di Afghanistan sejak 2001 untuk melatih dan melengkapkan pasukan keselamatan negara dan menaik taraf infrastruktur, manakala 2,200 tentera Amerika terbunuh di Afghanistan sejak 2001, manakala kira-kira 20,000 lagi cedera, menurut AP.

When the Pentagon says that the conflict in Syria may take years to resolve, it is no joke – just take a look at the number of Washington’s “military engagements” during Obama’s administration.

Afghanistan (2001-present day)

It was only a matter of time following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on US soil that Afghanistan would become the first country America would bomb in the 21st century, after the Taliban refused to hand over Al-Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden.

Starting with the country’s largest cities – Kabul, Kandahar and Jalalabad, the US and its allies have become involved in a protracted conflict, which has seen tens of thousands of casualties inflicted. Although there has been a large-scale troop withdrawal, which started in June 2011 and will finish by the end of 2014, as the US looks to pass the baton of policing and providing security in Afghanistan to local forces. Yet airstrikes are still taking place.

The US has spent more than $100 billion on aid in Afghanistan since 2001 to train and equip the country's security forces and upgrade its infrastructure, while 2,200 American troops have been killed in Afghanistan since 2001, while around 20,000 have been wounded, according to AP.

Tentera Amerika Syarikat dari Batallion Pertama, infantri Rejimen ke-32 ke-3 Briged, 10 Gunung bahagian rondaan di Kunar pada 12 Dis 2009 (US soldiers from First Batallion, 32nd infantry Regiment 3rd Brigade, 10th Mountain division patrol in Kunar on December 12, 2009 (AFP Photo/Tauseef Mustafa)

Kempen pengeboman Amerika Syarikat telah menjadi isu perbalahan dengan kepimpinan Afghanistan, yang telah berkata bahawa terlalu ramai orang awam terbunuh akibat misi pengeboman Amerika. Hanya minggu lepas, peluru berpandu Amerika membunuh 11 orang awam di timur negara ini.

"Jika Amerika & Pakistan benar2 mahu, keamanan akan datang ke Afghanistan," presiden keluar negara, Hamid Karzai, berkata pada 23 September kerana beliau melangkah ke bawah.

"Perang di Afghanistan adalah berdasarkan kepada matlamat orang asing. Peperangan di Afghanistan adalah untuk manfaat orang asing. Tetapi Afghanistan pada kedua-dua pihak adalah anak-anak domba korban dan mangsa peperangan ini."

Yemen (hari 2002-kini)

Kematian 17 anggota tentera laut Amerika Syarikat pada bulan Oktober 2000, yang terbunuh apabila USS Cole telah diserang di pelabuhan Aden, Yaman, Al-Qaeda, telah meletakkan negara dengan kukuh pada radar Washington. Pada bulan November 2002, Amerika tidak memerlukan insentif tambahan untuk men-jalankan pengeboman serbuan pertama di tanah Yaman, dengan kerajaan negara itu memberikan Amerika Syarikat lampu hijau.

Sasaran itu Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi, yang Washington dipercayai adalah ketua operatif al-Qaeda di Yaman dan juga suspek dalam pengeboman USS Cole. Beliau telah terbunuh apabila peluru berpandu neraka, petunjuk dari sebuah pesawat tanpa pemandu memukul kereta beliau dalam perjalanan.

Amerika Syarikat Timbalan Setiausaha Pertahanan pada masa itu, Paul Wolfowitz, menyatakan bahawa ia telah "operasi taktikal yang sangat berjaya" dan serangan seperti itu berguna bukan sahaja dalam membunuh pengganas, tetapi dalam memaksa Al-Qaeda untuk menukar taktik.

US bombing campaigns have been a contentious issue with Afghanistan’s leadership, which has said that too many civilians have died as a result of American bombing missions. Just last week, American missiles killed 11 civilians in the east of the country.

"If America and Pakistan really want it, peace will come to Afghanistan," the country’s outgoing president, Hamid Karzai, said on September 23 as he was stepping down.

"War in Afghanistan is based on the aims of foreigners. The war in Afghanistan is to the benefit of foreigners. But Afghans on both sides are the sacrificial lambs and victims of this war."

Yemen (2002-present day)

The death of 17 US navy personnel in October 2000, who were killed when the USS Cole was attacked in the port of Aden, Yemen, by Al-Qaeda, already put the country firmly on Washington’s radar. In November 2002, America needed no extra incentive to carry out its first bombing raid on Yemeni soil, with the country’s government giving the US the green light.

The target was Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi, who Washington believed was al-Qaeda’s chief operative in Yemen and was also a suspect in the bombing of the USS Cole. He was killed when a hellfire missile, guided from a pilotless aircraft hit the car he was traveling in.

The US Deputy Defense Secretary at the time, Paul Wolfowitz, stated that it had been “a very successful tactical operation” and that such strikes were useful not only in killing terrorists, but in forcing Al-Qaeda to change its tactics.

Penunjuk perasaan setia kepada kumpulan pemberontak Syiah al-Houthi membakar patung pesawat Amerika Syarikat semasa demonstrasi untuk memprotes apa yang mereka katakan adalah Amerika Syarikat campur tangan di Yaman, termasuk serangan berdengung di bandar Old Sanaa (Protesters loyal to the Shi'ite al-Houthi rebel group burn an effigy of a U.S. aircraft during a demonstration to protest against what they say is U.S. interference in Yemen, including drone strikes in the Old Sanaa city (Reuters/Khaled Abdullah)

Walaupun terdapat kempen pengeboman sporadis yang dijalankan oleh Amerika Syarikat, di bawah pentadbiran Presiden George W. Bush, terdapat peningkatan yang ketara sejak Barack Obama mula berkuasa.

Kabel Amerika Syarikat yang diterbitkan oleh Wikileaks menunjukkan bahawa kerajaan Yaman tlh membenarkan Amerika Syarikat utk meneruskan serangan udara terhadap disyaki militan Al-Qaeda di negara ini.

Serangan bom Amerika Syarikat di Yaman hampir semata-mata dijalankan oleh pesawat dan mereka telah meningkat dalam intensiti pd tahun2 kebelakangan ini.

Bagaimanapun kumpulan hak asasi yang semakin bimbang bahawa terlalu banyak korban awam yang berlaku akibat daripada apa yang dikenali sebagai Amerika "Perang ke atas Keganasan."

Satu laporan oleh Human Rights Watch pada tahun 2013 dianalisis enam serangan udara di Yaman yang dijalankan sejak 2009 organisasi mendapati bahawa daripada 82 orang yang meninggal dunia dalam serangan udara, 57 adalah orang awam.

IRAQ (2003-2011)

Tarikh adalah 5 FEBRUARI 2003 lokasi, Pertubuhan Bangsa2 Bersatu di New York. Setiausaha Negara Amerika Syarikat, Colin Powell, baru sahaja menyampaikan ucapan kepada PBB, mengatakan bahawa Iraq mempunyai senjata pemusnah besar-besaran - alasan untuk Washington untuk terlibat dalam satu lagi konflik ketenteraan, seolah-olah telah beribu-ribu tentera terikat di Afghanistan tidak mencukupi.

Yang pertama serangan udara ke atas Iraq akan berlaku pada 20 Mac, 2003, dan dalam tempoh 3 minggu kerajaan Iraq telah digulingkan. Walau bagaimanapun, seperti di Afghanistan, mendapat kawalan keseluruhan di negara itu tidak akan terbukti menjadi semudah, seperti Amerika Syarikat dan sekutu-sekutunya datang melawan tentangan hebat - pada pertama dari penyokong Presiden Saddam Hussein yang digulingkan, kemudian dari pelbagai rintangan kumpulan Sunni dan Syiah, dan masih kemudian Al-Qaeda dan penyokong-penyokongnya.

While there were sporadic bombing campaigns carried out by the US, under President George W. Bush’s administration, there has been a significant escalation since Barack Obama came to power.

US cables published by WikiLeaks showed that the Yemeni government has allowed US airstrikes to continue against suspected Al-Qaeda militants in the country.

US bombing raids in Yemen are almost solely carried out by drones and they have been increasing in intensity in recent years. However rights groups are becoming concerned that far too many civilian casualties are occurring as a result of America’s so-called “War on Terror.”

A report by Human Rights Watch in 2013 analyzed six airstrikes in Yemen carried out since 2009. The organization found that out of the 82 people who died in the airstrikes, 57 were civilians.

IRAQ (2003-2011)

The date is February 5, 2003 – the location, the United Nations in New York. The US Secretary of State, Colin Powell, has just delivered a speech to the UN, saying that Iraq has weapons of mass destruction – a pretext for Washington to get involved in yet another military conflict, as if having thousands of troops tied down in Afghanistan was not enough.

The first airstrikes on Iraq would take place on March 20, 2003, and within three weeks the Iraqi government had been toppled. However, just as in Afghanistan, gaining overall control of the country would not prove to be as easy, as the US and its allies came up against fierce resistance – at first from supporters of ousted President Saddam Hussein, later from various Sunni and Shiite resistance groups, and still later Al-Qaeda and its supporters.

Konflik dan kempen pengeboman Amerika Syarikat terbukti menjadi bencana bagi penduduk awam Iraq. Artikel yang disiarkan oleh AFP pada bulan Oktober 2013, memetik satu kajian di Amerika Syarikat, meletakkan angka kematian pada kira-kira setengah juta.

Para penyelidik menyatakan bahawa kira-kira 70 % peratus kematian Iraq 11 - 2003 adalah ganas dalam alam semula jadi, dengan sebahagian besar disebabkan oleh tembakan, dengan punca yang paling biasa seterusnya bom kereta kematian dan letupan2 lain.

Ia juga menambah bahawa tentera bersekutu bertanggungjawab bagi 35 % peratus daripada kematian ganas ini, atau kira-kira 125,000 kematian.

Pakistan (hari 2004-kini)

Walaupun serangan drone di Pakistan mungkin telah bermula di bawah George W. Bush, pentadbiran Obama telah meningkatkan kekerapan mereka ke tahap yang tidak pernah berlaku sebelum ini.

Menurut laman web, Biro Siasatan Kewartawanan, ada 390 serangan drone di Pakistan sejak 2004, di mana yang mengejutkan 339 telah dijalankan sejak Obama berkuasa. Ini telah membawa kepada hampir 4,000 kematian, di mana kira-kira 1/4 orang awam.

Tidak menghairankan, serangan drone Amerika Syarikat yang diterajui telah mem-bawa kepada banyak geseran dengan kerajaan Pakistan.

"Penggunaan pesawat bukan sahaja melanggar integriti wilayah kita, tetapi mereka juga menjejaskan usaha kita untuk menghapuskan keganasan dari negara kami," kata Perdana Menteri Pakistan Nawaz Sharif dalam pertemuan dengan Obama pada bulan Oktober 2013, sambil menambah bahawa isu yang mempunyai menjadi "kerengsaan utama" dalam hubungan Pakistan- Amerika Syarikat.

The conflict and the US bombing campaigns proved to be disastrous for the Iraqi civilian population. An article published by AFP in October 2013, citing a study in the US, put the death toll at around half a million. Researchers stated that around 70 percent of Iraq deaths from 2003-11 were violent in nature, with most caused by gunshots, with the next most common cause of death car bombs and other explosions.

It also added that coalition forces were responsible for 35 percent of these violent deaths, or approximately 125,000 deaths.

Pakistan (2004-present day)

While drone attacks in Pakistan may have started under George W. Bush, the Obama administration has increased their frequency to unprecedented levels. According to The Bureau of Investigative Journalism, a website, there have been 390 drone strikes in Pakistan since 2004, of which a staggering 339 have been conducted since Obama came to power. This has led to almost 4,000 deaths, of which around one-quarter have been civilians.

Not surprisingly, the US-led drone strikes have led to plenty of friction with the Pakistani government.

“The use of drones is not only a violation of our territorial integrity but they are also detrimental to our efforts to eliminate terrorism from our country,” Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif said in a meeting with Obama in October 2013, adding that the issue has become a “major irritant” in Pakistani-US relations.

Penyokong Pakistan ini Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI) slogan parti politik menjerit semasa bantahan terhadap AS mogok berdengung di Karachi pada 17 Disember 2013 (Supporters of Pakistan's Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI) political party shout slogans during a protest against US drone strikes in Karachi on December 17, 2013 (AFP Photo/Rizwan Tabassum)

Demonstrasi terhadap penggunaan drone oleh Amerika Syarikat yang lazim berlaku di Pakistan. Pada Disember 2013, kira-kira 5,000 penunjuk perasaan menyeru Amerika Syarikat untuk segera menghentikan serangan drone di negara itu, yang dianjurkan oleh Majlis Pertahanan Pakistan, yang terdiri daripada 40 kumpulan agama dan politik, AFP melaporkan. Penunjuk perasaan melaungkan slogan dan cuba untuk menyekat bekalan NATO diangkut ke Afghanistan melalui Pakistan.

Sementara itu, sebulan lebih awal, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI) yang diketuai oleh Imran Khan bintang negara kriket, menjatuhkan nama Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) pembedahan kepada pihak polis dalam surat di mana pihak yang menuntut bahawa ejen berdepan dengan "kesalahan kasar" serangan drone itu.

Surat itu telah dikeluarkan kepada media. Walau bagaimanapun, nama yang tidak dapat disahkan secara bebas.

"Saya ingin menamakan agensi sulit CIA Amerika Syarikat (Agensi Perisikan Pusat) Ketua Stesen di Islamabad . . . dan Pengarah CIA John O.Brennan kerana melakukan kesalahan kasar melakukan pembunuhan dan melancarkan perang terhadap Pakistan, "PTI maklumat setiausaha Shireen Mazarisaid menulis dalam surat itu.

"Ketua stesen CIA bukanlah satu jawatan diplomatik, oleh itu dia tidak menikmati apa-apa kekebalan diplomatik dan berada dalam batas-batas undang-undang domestik di Pakistan," kata surat itu. Aduan itu dikemukakan balai polis Tal di daerah Hangu, barat laut Pakistan.

Somalia (hari 2007-kini)

Pada bulan Januari 2007, telah serangan udara Amerika Syarikat terhadap disyaki pemimpin Al-Qaeda di Somalia, yang Washington percaya ada melakukan serangan ke atas Kedutaan Amerika Syarikat di Kenya dan Tanzania yang mengorbankan lebih daripada 200 orang pengeboman. Serangan udara Amerika Syarikat ini mendapat sokongan penuh daripada Somalia Presiden Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed.

Penglibatan Amerika Syarikat di Somalia sebahagian besarnya jatuh di bawah radar, dengan perhatian yang kurang antarabangsa diberikan kepada Washington "Perang ke atas Keganasan" di tanduk Afrika.

Walau bagaimanapun, pada awal bulan September, jihad Somalia dalam kumpulan Al-Shabaab, yang mempunyai kaitan dengan al-Qaeda, mengesahkan bahawa pemimpin mereka Ahmed Godane telah dibunuh oleh serangan udara Amerika Syarikat, sebelum amaran serangan membalas dendam.

Tentera Amerika Syarikat melanda perkhemahan Godane di Somalia selatan-tengah dengan peluru berpandu Hellfire dan peluru berpandu laser, Reuters me-laporkan. Serangan berdengung adalah yang pertama di Somalia selama 7 bulan.

Apa pada Libya?

Libya mungkin pengecualian kepada peraturan di mana Eropah dan NATO tentera dijalankan kebanyakan kempen pengeboman. Walau bagaimanapun, ia adalah Amerika Syarikat yg memainkan peranan penting dlm meningkatkan sokongan untuk cuba menjatuhkan bekas pemimpin Libya Muammar Gaddafi pada Mac 2011.

Barack Obama telah memberi kata 2 Gaddafi yang dirujuk kepada: Turun ke bawah, atau kami akan mengebom anda 'Apabila dia enggan untuk mendengar permintaan Washington, tindakan ketenteraan adalah tidak lama lagi yang akan datang.

Demonstrations against the use of drones by the US have been common in Pakistan. In December 2013, around 5,000 demonstrators called on the US to immediately stop the drone assaults on the country, which was organized by the Defense of Pakistan Council, which is comprised of 40 religious and political groups, AFP reported. Protesters chanted slogans and tried to block NATO supplies being transported to Afghanistan through Pakistan.

Meanwhile, a month earlier, the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI), led by the country’s cricket star Imran Khan, dropped the name of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operative to police in a letter in which the party demanded that the agent face up to the “gross offence” of the drone strike.

The letter was released to the media. However, the name could not be independently verified.

“I would like to nominate the US clandestine agency CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) Station Chief in Islamabad . . . and CIA Director John O. Brennan for committing the gross offences of committing murder and waging war against Pakistan,” PTI information secretary Shireen Mazarisaid wrote in the letter.

“CIA station chief is not a diplomatic post, therefore he does not enjoy any diplomatic immunity and is within the bounds of domestic laws of Pakistan,” the letter added. The complaint was lodged with Tal police station in Hangu district, northwestern Pakistan.

Somalia (2007-present day)

In January 2007, the US launched airstrikes against suspected Al-Qaeda leaders in Somalia, who Washington believed were guilty of bombing attacks on US Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania that killed more than 200 people. The US airstrikes had the full backing of the Somali President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed.

US involvement in Somalia has largely slipped under the radar, with significantly less international attention given to Washington’s “War on Terror” in the horn of Africa.

However, in early September, Somali jihadists in the group Al-Shabaab, which has links to Al-Qaeda, confirmed that their leader Ahmed Godane had been killed by US airstrikes, before warning of revenge attacks. US forces struck Godane's encampment in south-central Somalia with Hellfire missiles and laser-guided munitions, Reuters reported. This drone attack was the first in Somalia for seven months.

What of Libya?

Libya is perhaps the exception to the rule where European and NATO forces carried out most of the bombing campaigns. However, it was the US who was instrumental in drumming up support to try and topple former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi in March 2011.

Barack Obama had given Gaddafi an ultimatum which alluded to: ‘Step down, or we will bomb you.’ When he refused to listen to Washington’s demands, military action was soon forthcoming.

Pemusnah peluru berpandu USS Barry melancarkan peluru berpandu Tomahawk dari busur kapal di Laut Mediterranean dalam ini nota foto Tentera Laut Amerika Syarikat bertarikh 29 Mac 2011 (The guided-missile destroyer USS Barry launches a Tomahawk cruise missile from the ship's bow in the Mediterranean Sea in this U.S. Navy handout photo dated March 29, 2011 (Reuters/Jonathan Sunderman/U.S. Navy//Handout)

Perang saudara berakhir dlm masa 8 bln, walaupun kekacauan & pertempuran antara puak2 saingan di negara ini masih terus ketika beribu-ribu rakyat Libya mati di kedua-dua belah pihak dlm konflik asal, kebanyakannya orang awam.

The civil war was over within eight months, though chaos and fighting between rival factions in the country still continues while thousands of Libyans died on both sides during the original conflict, many of them civilians.

READ MORE: http://on.rt.com/15chmj

FBI Jabatan pasukan polis SELURUH Amerika Syarikat DIAM Mengenai GEAR MENGINTIP telefon BIMBIT. . .

Reuters/Robert Galbraith

Alifhafizin - Bukan sahaja jabatan polis tempatan di seluruh Amerika Syarikat semakin bergantung kepada apa yang dikenali sebagai peranti ikan pari untuk menjalankan pemantauan ke atas pengguna telefon bimbit, tetapi polis dipaksa diam mengenai operasi, dokumen-dokumen baru mendedahkan.

Laporan baru-baru ini telah menyatakan bahawa agensi-agensi penguatkuasaan undang-undang dari pantai ke pantai telah beralih kepada peranti penangkap-IMSI, seperti ikan pari yang dijual oleh Florida Harris Corporation, untuk menipu biasa telefon bimbit ke dalam menyampaikan maklumat Bergerak Antarabangsa Pengenalan Pelanggan peranti khusus utk menara sel palsu - taktik yg mengambil data geolokasi anggaran semua peranti dalam julat dan merakam-kannya untuk penyiasat.

Baru-baru ini, Jabatan Polis Tallahassee di negeri Florida telah didapati meng-gunakan sendiri "tapak sel simulator" mereka sekurang-kurangnya 200 kali untuk mengumpul data telefon tanpa pernah meminta waran dalam tempoh 3 tahun, dan maklumat mengenai penggunaan ikan pari oleh kumpulan-kumpulan penguatkua-saan undang-undang terus muncul pada biasa itu.

Tetapi sementara merit sama ada atau tidak pegawai2 penguatkuasa undang-undang undang-undang akan dapat untuk mengumpul maklumat sel sensitif den-gan menyamar sebagai menara telekomunikasi masih masak untuk perbahasan - & terus dgn pasti menjadi isu perbalahan di kalangan penyokong kebebasan awam - dokumen yang baru dikeluarkan walaupun meningkatkan pertanyaan tentang bagaimana polis gunakan ikan pari & lain2 penangkap-IMSI untuk mengumpul ketulan besar data berkenaan di mana suspek bukan sahaja jenayah, tetapi seolah-olah sesiapa sahaja di kawasan tertentu yang berlaku untuk mem-punyai telefon di tangan atau poket mereka.

Rayuan tidak henti-henti untuk mendapatkan butiran mengenai penggunaan penangkap-IMSI oleh Jabatan Polis Tacoma di negeri Washington berhasil apabila baru-baru ini laman berita penyiasatan Muckrock memperoleh dokumen enam halaman selepas susulan selama beberapa bulan pada Kebebasan permintaan Akta Maklumat yang disimpan dengan TPD .

Menurut dokumen itu, polis di Tacoma terpaksa menandatangani perjanjian tidak boleh di dedah, atau NDA, dengan Biro Penyiasatan Persekutuan sebelum mereka boleh mula menjalankan pengawasan ke atas pengguna sel dengan Harris-pari dijual.

Walaupun majoriti Disember 2012 dokumen itu disunting, perenggan dari FBI ejen khas Laura Laughlin kepada Polis Ketua Donald Ramsdell mendedahkan bahawa pegawai Tacoma diberitahu mereka tidak dapat membincangkan penggunaan penangkap-IMSI mereka dengan sesiapa.

"Kami telah dinasihatkan oleh Harris Corporation permintaan Jabatan Polis Tacoma untuk pengambilalihan wayarles koleksi peralatan/teknologi tertentu yang dihasilkan oleh Harris Corporation," surat FBI membaca sebahagiannya.

"Selaras dengan syarat-syarat mengenai kebenaran peralatan yang diberikan kepada Harris Corporation oleh Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Persekutuan (FCC), negeri dan tempatan agensi-agensi penguatkuasaan undang-undang perlu menye-laras dengan Biro Penyiasatan Persekutuan (FBI) untuk menyelesaikan ini per-janjian tidak boleh dedah sebelum pengambilalihan dan penggunaan perala-tan/teknologi yang diberi kuasa oleh FCC kebenaran itu."

Muckrock terlebih dahulu dokumen pada Ogos merujuk kepada NDA antara Jabatan Kehakiman Amerika Syarikat yang Tacoma PD dan, tetapi Shawn Musgrave menulis untuk laman web ini minggu ini bahawa perjanjian itu sendiri - walaupun yang sangat disunting satu - hanya disediakan pada Jumaat lepas.

FBI forces police Departments Across the US to keep QUIET About Cellphone Spying GEAR . . .

Not only are local police departments across the United States increasingly relying on so-called StingRay devices to conduct surveillance on cell phone users, but cops are being forced to keep quiet about the operations, new documents reveal.

Recent reports have indicated that law enforcement agencies from coast to coast have been turning to IMSI-catcher devices, like the StingRay sold by Florida’s Harris Corporation, to trick ordinary mobile phones into communicating device-specific International Mobile Subscriber Identity information to phony cell towers - a tactic that takes the approximate geolocation data of all the devices within range and records it for investigators.

Recently, the Tallahassee Police Department in the state of Florida was found to have used their own “cell site simulator” at least 200 times to collect phone data without once asking for a warrant during a three-year span, and details about the use of StingRays by other law enforcement groups continue to emerge on the regular.

But while the merits of whether or not law enforcement officers should legally be able to collect sensitive cell information by masquerading as telecommunication towers remains ripe for debate - and continues for certain to be an issue of contention among civil liberties advocates - newly released documents raise even further questions about how cops use StingRays and other IMSI-catchers to gather great chunks of data concerning the whereabouts of not just criminal suspects, but seemingly anyone in a given vicinity that happens to have a phone in their hand or pocket.

Relentless pleas for details about use of IMSI-catchers by the Tacoma Police Department in Washington state paid off recently when the investigative news site Muckrock obtained a six-page document after following up for several months on a Freedom of Information Act request placed with the TPD.

According to the document, police in Tacoma were forced to sign a non-disclosure agreement, or NDA, with the Federal Bureau of Investigation before they could begin conducting surveillance on cell users with a Harris-sold StingRay.

Although the majority of the December 2012 document is redacted, a paragraph from FBI special agent Laura Laughlin to Police of Chief Donald Ramsdell reveals that Tacoma officers were told they couldn’t discuss their use of IMSI-catchers with anyone.

“We have been advised by Harris Corporation of the Tacoma Police Department’s request for acquisition of certain wireless collection equipment/technology manufactured by Harris Corporation,” the FBI letter reads in part.

“Consistent with the conditions on the equipment authorization granted to Harris Corporation by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), state and local law enforcement agencies must coordinate with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to complete this non-disclosure agreement prior to the acquisition and use of the equipment/technology authorized by the FCC authorization.”

Muckrock first obtained documents in August referring to the NDA between the Tacoma PD and the US Department of Justice, but Shawn Musgrave wrote for the site this week that the agreement itself - albeit a highly redacted one - were only provided last Friday.

"Dokumen Tacoma memberikan pandangan utama dalam kerjasama erat di kalangan FBI, Harris Corporation dan Suruhanjaya Komunikasi Persekutuan melarang butiran ikan pari dari pelepasan awam," Musgrave menulis.

"Hakikat bahawa FBI menerima pemberitahuan daripada Harris yang TPD berminat dalam ikan pari mendedahkan tahap yang mengejutkan koordinasi antara syarikat swasta dan agensi penguatkuasaan undang-undang persekutuan," Musgrave terus. "Perjanjian itu juga menjelaskan bahawa melengkapkan NDA adalah wajib dengan perintah FCC."

Alan Butler, seorang peguam advokasi rayuan untuk Privasi Elektronik Pusat Maklumat berpangkalan di Washington DC,, atau EPIC, cepat mengulas untuk Muckrock tentang maklumat yang didedahkan oleh permintaan FOIA.

"Apa yang menarik mengenai perenggan awal daripada NDA anda diterima," Butler berkata, "ialah ia menjelaskan bahawa Harris, FCC dan FBI bekerja bersama-sama untuk memudahkan percambahan alat-alat ini di kalangan negeri dan tempatan agensi-agensi penguatkuasaan undang-undang ".

"Ia tidak jelas kepada saya mengapa FCC akan mempunyai kepentingan dalam yang memerlukan agensi-agensi penguatkuasaan undang-undang untuk menan-datangani NDA ini dgn FBI, kecuali mereka bimbang bahawa penyebaran tek-nologi ini boleh membahayakan pengguna rangkaian komunikasi Amerika," kata Butler, yang kumpulan mempunyai sebelum ini memfailkan permintaan FOIA berganda dan aduan undang-undang sendiri dengan FBI ke atas penggunaan IMSI-penangkap.

Dan Matt Cagle, seorang peguam yang pakar dalam pengawasan satu berfungsi sebagai rakan-rakan polis untuk pejabat Amerika Kesatuan Kebebasan Sivil ini Utara California, menulis sebarang tweet bahawa itu "membimbangkan" untuk melihat bahawa FCC - agensi awam - "adalah pensijilan penyaman pengintip sel berteknologi "tanpa memberitahu orang awam.

“The Tacoma document provides key insight into the close cooperation among the FBI, Harris Corporation and the Federal Communications Commission to bar StingRay details from public release,” Musgrave wrote.

“The fact that the FBI received notification from Harris that TPD was interested in a StingRay reveals a surprising level of coordination between a private corporation and a federal law enforcement agency,” Musgrave continued. “The agreement also makes clear that completing the NDA is compulsory by order of the FCC.”

Alan Butler, an appellate advocacy counsel for the Washington, DC-based Electronic Privacy Information Center, or EPIC, was quick to comment to Muckrock about the information revealed by the FOIA request.

“What is so fascinating about the beginning paragraph of the NDA you received,” Butler said, “is that it makes clear that Harris, the FCC and the FBI are working together to facilitate the proliferation of these devices among state and local law enforcement agencies.”

“It’s not clear to me why the FCC would have an interest in requiring law enforcement agencies to sign NDA’s with the FBI, unless they were concerned that the spread of this technology could harm users of American communications networks,” added Butler, whose group has previously filed multiple FOIA requests and legal complaints on its own with the FBI over the use of IMSI-catchers.

And Matt Cagle, an attorney who specialized in surveillance an serves as a police fellow for the American Civil Liberties Union’s Northern California office, tweeted that it’s “alarming” to see that the FCC - a public agency - “is conditioning certification of cell spy tech” without informing the public.

Matt Cagle@Matt_Cagle

Alarming that a public agency (FCC) is conditioning certification of cell spy tech on public's not being informed. https://www.muckrock.com/news/archives/2014/sep/22/they-could-track-cell-phone-data-police-had-sign-n/

2:30 AM - 23 Sep 2014

Seperti yang dilaporkan RT baru-baru ini, Perkhidmatan baru-baru ini Marsyal Amerika Syarikat telah campur tangan dalam pertikaian antara jabatan polis di Sarasota, FL dan ACLU dengan merebut rekod telefon bimbit yang dikumpul oleh polis pari milik sebelum libertarian awam boleh menyemak mereka.

"Ini adalah selaras dengan apa yang kita lihat di seluruh negara dengan agensi-agensi persekutuan cuba untuk campur tangan dengan permintaan orang awam untuk maklumat pari," peguam ACLU kakitangan Nathan Freed memberitahu ber-wayar kembali pada bulan Jun. "The feds bekerja keras untuk menghalang apa-apa pelepasan maklumat ini kepada orang ramai."

Pada masa itu, Wired melaporkan bahawa ACLU percaya bahawa "puluhan" ja-batan polis Amerika Syarikat telah menggunakan ikan pari di bawah kaveat ba-hawa mereka menandatangani NDA.

As RT reported recently, the US Marshals Service recently intervened in a dispute between the police department in Sarasota, FL and the ACLU by seizing cell phone records collected by an cop-owned StingRay before the civil libertarians could review them.

“This is consistent with what we’ve seen around the country with federal agencies trying to meddle with public requests for Stingray information,” ACLU staff attorney Nathan Freed told Wired back in June. “The feds are working very hard to block any release of this information to the public.”

At the time, Wired reported that the ACLU believes that “dozens” of US police department have used StingRays under the caveat that they sign an NDA.

READ MORE: http://on.rt.com/tm5wnf

'TIADA KEPUTUSAN' pada SERANGAN United Kingdom terhadap ISIS di IRAQ atau SYRIA . . .

Jet Typhoon teksi untuk penggantung mereka di RAF Northolt di barat London 2 Mei 2012 (Typhoon jets taxi to their hangers at RAF Northolt in west London May 2, 2012 (Reuters/Paul Hackett)

Alifhafizin - Britain masih belum membuat keputusan sama ada ia akan menyertai Amerika Syarikat dan serangan udara gabungan Arab terhadap Negara Islam (IS, yang sebelum ini ISIS) sasaran dalam Syria. Sementara itu, kata sepakat semakin meningkat di kalangan Ahli Parlimen UK bagi menyokong serangan Iraq.

Amerika, bersama-sama dengan Bahrain, Qatar, Arab Saudi, Jordan dan Emiriah Arab Bersatu, menggunakan jet pejuang, pengebom dan peluru berpandu Tomahawk dalam serbuan Syria yang bermula awal pada hari Selasa.

Angka kematian telah meningkat kepada 50, Balai Cerap Syria bagi Hak Asasi Manusia kepada Reuters. Sekurang-kurangnya 8 dipercayai orang awam, 3 daripada mereka kanak-kanak.

Duta PBB Syria dimaklumkan oleh Washington jam sebelum serangan bermula pada kira-kira 00:30 GMT. Kebenaran daripada kerajaan Assad, bagaimanapun, tidak dicari, meningkatkan persoalan mengenai kesahihan campur tangan.

Ditanya mengenai pendirian di UK untuk menyertai serangan  Syria, Kementerian Pertahanan jurucakap berkata, "kedudukan kami di Iraq dan Syria adalah sama. Perbincangan sedang dijalankan. Tiada keputusan telah diambil untuk penglibatan kami."

Perdana Menteri, David Cameron telah berkata beliau mahu berunding dengan Dewan Rakyat sebelum melakukan tentera British ke Iraq atau Syria. Parlimen boleh dipanggil semula seawal hari Khamis, berikut kembali dari Perhimpunan Agung PBB di New York.

Cameron berharap untuk mendapatkan kelulusan PBB bagi strategi global untuk menangani kumpulan militan. Beliau juga merancang untuk bertemu Presiden Iran menggesa beliau untuk menyertai usaha ini.

‘NO Decision’ on UK Strikes Against ISIS in IRAQ or SYRIA

Britain remains undecided as to whether it will join US and Arab coalition airstrikes against Islamic State (IS, formerly ISIS) targets within Syria. Meanwhile, consensus is growing among UK MPs in support of Iraq strikes.

America, along with Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Jordan and the United Arab Emirates, used fighter jets, bombers and Tomahawk cruise missiles in Syrian raids that began early on Tuesday.

The death toll has risen to 50, the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights told Reuters. At least eight are believed to be civilians, three of them children.

Syria’s United Nations envoy was informed by Washington hours before the attacks began at about 00:30 GMT. The permission of the Assad government, however, was not sought, raising questions over the legality of the intervention.

Asked about the UK’s stance on joining Syrian strikes, a Ministry of Defence spokeswoman said, “Our position in Iraq and Syria is the same. Discussions are ongoing. No decision has been taken to our involvement.”

Prime Minister David Cameron has said he wants to consult the House of Commons before committing British forces to Iraq or Syria. Parliament could be recalled as early as Thursday, following his return from the UN General Assembly in New York.

Cameron hopes to secure UN approval for a global strategy to deal with the militant group. He also plans to meet the president of Iran to urge him to join the effort.

Dalam malu besar bagi Cameron, usul kerajaan untuk campur tangan Syria pada tahun lepas telah dikalahkan oleh Ahli Parlimen pembangkang Buruh. Cameron akan memerlukan sokongan lawannya untuk bertindak.

Shadow Setiausaha Perniagaan Chuka Umunna memberitahu Sky News pada Selasa ia adalah "tidak dapat" yang boleh Cameron komited untuk serangan udara tanpa kelulusan Ahli Parlimen.

"ISIS perlu dihapuskan. Apa yang mereka lakukan di rantau ini adalah zalim, adalah amat dahsyat. Jelas Perdana Menteri telah tidak ditentukan lagi bahawa Inggeris harus terlibat, "kata Umunna.

"Jika itu adalah sesuatu yang dia lakukan, Parti Buruh akan menggunakan kriteria yang sama untuk sama ada kita memilih untuk menyokong campur tangan seperti yang kita digunakan untuk tindakan Syria yang dicadangkan tahun lalu - ada asas undang-undang untuk campur tangan, ada rancangan untuk campur tangan, dan yang penting juga, pembelajaran pengajaran daripada Iraq, ada rancangan untuk apa yang berlaku selepas?

"Sukar dibayangkan bahawa Perdana Menteri boleh menekan dengan serangan udara terus-terang tanpa berunding Parlimen dan mencari nasihat yang betul dengan Parlimen."

Bekas Setiausaha Luar, Jack Straw kepada BBC Radio 4 pada Selasa beliau tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip penglibatan British dalam tindakan ketenteraan, tetapi berkata operasi di Syria diperlukan "beberapa jenis kebenaran" daripada kerajaan Syria.

In a major embarrassment for Cameron, a government motion for a Syrian intervention last year was defeated by Labour opposition MPs. Cameron will need the support of his opponents in order to act.

Shadow Business Secretary Chuka Umunna told Sky News on Tuesday it was “inconceivable” that Cameron could commit to airstrikes without the approval of MPs.

“ISIS need to be eliminated. What they are doing in the region is evil, is terrible. Obviously the prime minister hasn't determined yet that the UK should get involved,” said Umunna.

“If that is something he does, the Labour Party will apply the same criteria to whether or not we choose to support the intervention as we applied to the proposed Syrian action last year - is there a legal basis to intervene, is there a plan for intervention, and, importantly as well, learning the lessons from Iraq, is there a plan for what happens after?

“It is inconceivable that the prime minister could press on with airstrikes frankly without consulting Parliament and seeking proper consultation with Parliament.”

Former Foreign Secretary Jack Straw told BBC Radio 4 on Tuesday he was not against the principle of British involvement in military action, but said operations in Syria required “some kind of consent” from the Syrian government.

Kementerian Luar Rusia mengeluarkan kenyataan berita memecahkan serangan Syria, yang berkata sebarang tindakan terhadap militan Negara Islam di negara ini tanpa persetujuan kerajaan Syria akan menyemarakkan ketegangan di rantau ini.

"Apa-apa tindakan sedemikian boleh dijalankan hanya mengikut undang-undang antarabangsa," kata kenyataan tersebut. "Itu tidak bermakna yang formal, berat sebelah 'pemberitahuan' dari serangan udara tetapi kehadiran persetujuan jelas daripada kerajaan Syria atau kelulusan keputusan Majlis Keselamatan PBB yang berkaitan."

Percubaan untuk melanggar kedaulatan negara-negara di Timur Tengah untuk mencapai matlamat geopolitik Washington sendiri "hanya memburukkan lagi ketegangan dan seterusnya destabilizes keadaan," kata kementerian itu.

Kerajaan UK telah keras retorik terhadap IS dlm beberapa minggu kebelakangan ini, sejak pengeluaran 3 video mengerikan menunjukkan pemotongan kepala Amerika Syarikat wartawan James Foley dan Steven Sotloff, dan pekerja bantuan British David Haines.

IS mengugut untuk melaksanakan tebusan yang ke-4, pekerja bantuan British Alan Hennings, & mengeluarkan 1 video propaganda didakwa menunjukkan tawanan wartawan British John Cantlie. Antara sasaran semalam adalah kubu kuat IS di Raqqa, di mana Henning dilaporkan diadakan.

Kerajaan UK telah dihantar persenjataan kepada pejuang Kurdish menentang Negara Islam. Ia juga telah menghantar bantuan kemanusiaan kepada golongan minoriti yang disasarkan oleh militan IS, dan dihantar jet Typhoon dalam misi pengawasan di rantau ini. Jika kerajaan boleh mendapatkan sokongan daripada Ahli Parlimen, serangan udara ke atas Iraq boleh bermula tidak lama lagi selepas.

Berdasarkan kesahihan dipersoalkan campur tangan di Syria, Cameron mungkin berjuang untuk mendapatkan kelulusan daripada Ahli Parlimen untuk melakukan kuasa udara British kepada serbuan di Syria kecuali Damsyik memberi keizinannya. Beliau akan mengadakan perbincangan dengan pemimpin Buruh Ed Miliband minggu ini untuk membincangkan usul yang mungkin.

The Russian Foreign Ministry issued a statement as news broke of Syrian strikes, which said that any action against Islamic State militants in the country without the agreement of the Syrian government would fuel tensions in the region.

“Any such action can be carried out only in accordance with international law,” read the statement. “That implies not a formal, one-sided ‘notification’ of airstrikes but the presence of explicit consent from the government of Syria or the approval of a corresponding UN Security Council decision.”

Attempts to violate the sovereignty of countries in the Middle East to achieve Washington’s own geopolitical goals “only exacerbates tensions and further destabilizes the situation,” the ministry added.

The UK government has hardened its rhetoric on the IS in recent weeks, since the release of three gruesome videos showing the beheadings of US journalists James Foley and Steven Sotloff, and British aid worker David Haines.

The IS has threatened to execute a fourth hostage, British aid worker Alan Hennings, and released a propaganda video allegedly showing captive British journalist John Cantlie. Among Tuesday’s targets is the IS stronghold of Raqqa, where Henning is reportedly held.

The UK government has already delivered weaponry to Kurdish fighters resisting the Islamic State. It has also sent humanitarian aid to minority groups targeted by IS militants, and dispatched Typhoon jets on surveillance missions in the region. If the government can secure the backing of MPs, airstrikes on Iraq could begin soon after.

Based on the questionable legality of intervention in Syria, Cameron may struggle to win approval from MPs to commit British airpower to raids on Syria unless Damascus give its consent. He will hold talks with Labour leader Ed Miliband this week to discuss a possible motion.

READ MORE: http://on.rt.com/otlh9g